Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692

Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Tituba was among the initial three individuals blamed for being a witch during the Salem witch preliminaries of 1692. She admitted to black magic and charged others. Tituba, otherwise called Tituba Indian, was aâ household slave and hireling whose birth and passing dates are obscure. Tituba Biography Little is known about Titubas foundation or even starting point. Samuel Parris, later to assume a focal job in the Salem witch preliminaries of 1692 as the town serve, carried three oppressed people with him when he came to Massachusetts from New Spain Barbados in the Caribbean. We can figure from the conditions that Parris acquired responsibility for in Barbados, likely when she was twelve or a couple of years more established. We don't have the foggiest idea whether he acquired such possession in repayment of an obligation, however that story has been acknowledged by a few. Parris was, at the time he was in New Spain, not yet wedded and not yet a clergyman. At the point when Samuel Parris moved to Boston from New Spain, he brought Tituba, John Indian and a little youngster with him as family unit slaves. In Boston, he wedded and later turned into a priest. Tituba filled in as a servant. In Salem Village Fire up. Samuel Parris moved to Salem Village in 1688, a contender for the situation of Salem Village serve. In around 1689, Tituba and John Indian appear to have hitched. In 1689 Parris was officially called as the pastor, given a full deed to the parsonage, and the Salem Village church contract was agreed upon. Tituba would not likely have been straightforwardly associated with the developing church strife including Rev. Parris. Be that as it may, since the discussion remembered retaining compensation and installment for kindling, and Parris whined about the impact on his family, Tituba most likely would likewise have felt the deficiency of kindling and food in the house. She would likewise have likely known about the distress in the network when assaults were propelled in New England, firing up again in 1689 (and called King Williams War), with New France utilizing both French troopers and neighborhood Indians to battle against the English pioneers. Regardless of whether she knew about the political clashes around Massachusetts status as a settlement isn't known. Regardless of whether she knew about Rev. Parris lessons in late 1691 notice of Satans impact around is likewise not known, yet it appears to be likely that his feelings of dread were known in his family. Tribulations and Accusations Begin In mid 1692, three young ladies with associations with the Parris family started to display abnormal conduct. One was Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, the nine-year-old little girl of Rev. Parris and his better half. Another was Abigail Williams, age 12, called family or a niece of Rev. Parris. She may have filled in as a family unit hireling and an ally to Betty. The third young lady was Ann Putnam Jr., who was the little girl of a key supporter of Rev. Parris in the Salem Village church struggle. There is no source before the last 50% of the nineteenth century, remembering transcripts of declaration for the assessments and preliminaries, that underpins the possibility that Tituba and the young ladies who were informers drilled any enchantment together. To discover what was causing the pains, a nearby specialist (apparently William Griggs) and a neighboring priest, Rev. John Hale, were brought in by Parris. Tituba later affirmed that she saw dreams of the fallen angel and witches amassing. The specialist analyzed the reason for the burdens as Evil Hand. A neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, exhorted John Indian and potentially Tituba to make a witchs cake to distinguish the reason for the underlying tribulations of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams. The following day, Betty and Abigail named Tituba as a reason for their conduct. Tituba was blamed by the little youngsters for appearing to them (as a soul), which added up to an allegation of black magic. Tituba was interrogated regarding her job. Fire up. Parris beat Tituba to attempt to get an admission from her. Tituba Arrested and Examined On February 29, 1692, a capture warrant was given for Tituba in Salem Town. Capture warrants were additionally given for Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. Each of the three of the charged were inspected the following day at Nathaniel Ingersolls bar in Salem Village by neighborhood officers Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. In that assessment, Tituba admitted, naming both Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good as witches and portraying their phantom developments, incorporating meeting with the demon. Sarah Good guaranteed her guiltlessness however embroiled Tituba and Osborne. Tituba was addressed for two additional days. Titubas admission, by the principles of the court, shielded her from being attempted later with others, including the individuals who were in the long run seen as liable and executed. Tituba apologized as far as it matters for her, saying she adored Betty and intended no mischief. She remembered for her admission confounded stories of black magic all perfect with English society convictions, not voodoo as some have asserted. Tituba herself went into a fit, professing to be distressed. After the judges completed their assessment of Tituba, she was sent to prison. While she was detained, two others blamed her for being one of a few ladies whose phantoms theyd seen flying. John Indian, through the preliminaries, additionally had various fits when present for the assessment of blamed witches. Some have estimated this was a method of diverting further doubt of himself or his better half. Tituba herself is barely referenced in the records after her underlying capture, assessment, and admission. The Rev. Parris vowed to pay the charge to permit Tituba to be discharged from jail. Under the standards of the settlement, like principles in England, even somebody discovered honest needed to pay for costs caused to detain and take care of them before they could be discharged. In any case, Tituba abnegated her admission, and Parris never paid the fine, probably in reprisal for her recantation. After the Trials The following spring, the preliminaries finished and different detained people were discharged once their fines were paid. Somebody paid seven pounds for Titubas discharge. Probably, whoever paid the fine had bought Tituba from Parris. A similar individual may have bought John Indian; the two of them vanish from every single known record after Titubas discharge. A couple of accounts notice a little girl, Violet, who stayed with the Parris family. Tituba in Fiction Arthur Miller incorporates Tituba in his 1952 play, The Crucible, which utilizes the Salem witch preliminaries as a representation or relationship to twentieth century McCarthyism, the interest, and boycotting of blamed Communists. Tituba is portrayed in Millers show as starting black magic as play among the young ladies of Salem Village.In 1964, Ann Petry distributed Tituba of Salem Village, composed for kids ten and older.Maryse Condã ©, a French Caribbean author, distributed I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem which contends that Tituba was of dark African heritage.â Tituba Bibliography Notwithstanding makes reference to in different assets in the general Salem Witch preliminaries book index, these references might be particularly useful in finding out about Tituba: Elaine Breslaw. Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. 1996.Chadwick Hansen. The Metamorphosis of Tituba, or Why American Intellectuals Cant Tell an Indian Witch from a Negro. The New England Quarterly, March 1974.Bernard Rosenthal. Titubas Story. The New England Quarterly, June 1998.Bernard Rosenthal. Dim Eve. Entranced: Women and Witchcraft in America. Altered by Elizabeth Ries. 1998.

The Basics of the Electron Transport Chain Essays (911 words)

The Basics of the Electron Transport Chain Article Summary:The electron transport chain is the most mind boggling and beneficial pathway of cell breath. Here's a clear, rearranged clarification of how the ETC functions. Every single living thing run on vitality. In the event that the living being is a plant or autotrophic organism, the vitality originates from daylight. For every single other type of life, vitality is extricated from supplements through the responses of digestion - cell breath. Cell Respiration the Electron Transport Chain Whether or not the first type of vitality is daylight or food, it should at last be changed over to the cell vitality money of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). or on the other hand most living beings, this change is cultivated however cell breath, a progression of biochemical pathways where glucose (asugar) is separated and the vitality extricated is changed over to ATP. The pathways of cell breath include: 1. glycolysis, 2. transformation of acetyl-CoA, 3. Kreb's cycle 4. electron transport. Electron transport is the most mind boggling and profitable pathway of cell breath. Duringaerobic breath, the ETC produces 34 of the 38 ATP atoms acquired from each particle of glucose. or on the other hand most life forms, this transformation is cultivated however cell breath, a progression of biochemical pathways wherein glucose (asugar) is separated and the vitality removed is changed over to ATP. Where the Electron Transport Chain Is Located Electron transport requires a layer so as to work. Inprokaryotic cells, those of microorganisms and microscopic organisms like Archaeans, electron transport happens in the phone's plasma layer, in collapsed regions called mesosomes. For most living beings, this change is cultivated however cell breath, a progression of biochemical pathways where glucose (asugar) is separated and the vitality extricated is changed over to ATP. The pathways of cell breath include: 1. glycolysis 2. change of acetyl-CoA 3. Kreb's cycle 4. electron transport. Electron transport is the most intricate and beneficial pathway of cell breath. Duringaerobic breath, the ETC produces 34 of the 38 ATP particles acquired from each atom of glucose. Whichever sort of film houses the cell's electron transport chains (plasma layer, inward layer of mitochondria or the tylakoid film of chloroplasts)cells have numerous ETCs running consistently, to create the ATP vitality required for cells to endure and flourish. How the ETC Works The greater part of theATPmade incellular breath originates from the stepwise arrival of vitality, of a progression of oxidation-decrease responses between atoms implanted in the plasma membrane(prokaryotes)or mitochondria(eukaryotes). It is simplest to see how electron transport functions by partitioning this procedure into three headliners: 1.Oxidation Reduction Reactions During glycolysis, combination of acetyl-CoA and Kreb's cycle, the electron transporters NAD+ and FADH are decreased to shape NADH and FADH2 individually. These particles resemble minimal battery-powered batteries, and when NAD+ and FADH are decreased, this implies they acknowledge and convey electrons and hydrogen particles (H+), potential vitality that can be utilized later in cell breath. In the electron transport chain, these electron bearers are oxidized, moving their electrons to the transporter particles installed in the ETC film. In high-impact breath, these electrons are passed starting with one bearer particle then onto the next in a progression of oxidation-decrease responses, and eventually to the last electron acceptor, oxygen (O2), that joins with hydrogen, coming about a water (H2O), a metabolic waste item. 2.Creation of Hydrogen Ion Gradient The vitality from every electron being passed down the chain is utilized to siphon a proton (H+) through every transporter atom, from one side of the film to the next. This makes a proton inclination, a sort ofconcentration gradient(difference in centralization of a substance between different sides of a layer), and slopes are potential vitality accessible for cell work. 3.Phosphorylation of ADP(The result!) The hydrogen particles (H+), on the film where generally thought, will in the long run stream back over the layer, down the proton slope, through anenzymecalledATP synthase. As each H+ moves back over the layer, the chemical ATP synthase phosphorylates (adds a phosphate to) adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make the high energymolecule ATP, which can be utilized for some, unique vitality requiring responses all through the phone. Taken from : http ://www.scienceprofonline.com/digestion/electron-transport-chain-cell breath 3.html 10 QUESTIONS How does the ETC functions? On the off chance that the creature is a plant or autotrophic organism, the vitality originates from daylight. For every single other type of life, vitality is extricated from supplements through the responses of digestion - cell breath. Which are the pathways of cell breath? glycolysis transformation of acetyl-CoA Kreb's cycle electron transport. During oxygen consuming breath ,what number of

Dinner vs. Instant Message :: Personal Narrative Writing

Supper versus Text I can recollect sitting at my sweetheart's home, while he participated in Teen Chat , an online chatroom that he had as of late become dependent on . He's in effect terrible calm and I am getting irritated at the ceaseless beating at the console and the unconstrained snickers originating from him that jump out of the blue. Here I am observing some stupid film on HBO with his feline Bourbon hacking stronger and stronger until I at long last stand out enough to be noticed. Hello angel, you wanna type? Did I need to type? No, I would not like to type! You guaranteed me Chilis! We should go out! I guess,I said. Anything to get some consideration here. I meandered over to the damn machine to perceive what his complain was about. Alright, I let it out, I was astonished that he could be a piece of ten discussions one after another. There were around fifteen individuals in the visit room, looking at everything from sports to some stuff that I might want to consider myself an over the top woman to make reference to. This is moronic, you WOULD need to be a piece of this! I said absolutely aggarvated that he could be dependent upon a portion of the things they were discussing. Darling, WE'RE discussing baseball! I surmise he was correct and I saw that around five individuals went about as though they knew him before he even went into the visit room. I asked him how he knew these chosen few. This is Ryan, he would state, He is taking a portion of indistinguishable classes from me at CFCC, this present young lady's name is Jessica, she's from Tennessee, she simply IM's me to talk now and again. Wow. Companions on the web? Presently this wa s beginning to interest me. I mean what number of my companions would I be able to speak with? No telephone bills or holding up three or four days to get obsolete letters. Presently the gathering new individuals thing appeared to be somewhat ludicrous, however he would tend to disagree. In any case, regardless of whether I thought about it or not, there was an entire network on the web and he's gathering more individuals as I sit close to him holding Whiskey in my PJ's, watching the dividers in his vacant lounge. He had consistently attempted to get me to type on this thing and make proper acquaintance. At last, whenever, I did. State something, he would let me know. I wasn't astounded or disillusioned to see that my basic hi was totally overlooked.

Greenhouse Gases

We realize power is a type of vitality and vitality is the capacity to perform work or get things going, we likewise know there are a few wellsprings of vitality and â€Å"wind† happens to be one of those sources. Since â€Å"wind† is just air moving, what at that point is â€Å"wind energy† and how might we create power from it? All things considered, in view of my exploration, wind vitality is the consequence of the sun’s vitality cooperating with the earth’s surfaces. It is additionally a perfect sustainable power source that is boundlessly economical; contamination free; doesn’t use fuel; and doesn’t produce ozone harming substances, poisonous or radioactive waste.This sort of vitality is viewed as a green force innovation since it impactsly affects the earth. When utilizing wind to create power we use machines known as turbines and this turbines use sharp edges that are associated with a drive shaft to gather the winds’ dyn amic vitality which makes a lift that makes them turn and afterward delivers power utilizing an electric generator. OK now we know fundamentals, how does this vitality source decrease ozone harming substances? Above all else, what are these â€Å"greenhouse gases†?Greenhouse gases will be gases in a climate that ingest and transmit radiation inside the warm infrared range . The essential ozone harming substances in the Earth's air are water fume, carbon dioxide (the vital ozone harming substance), methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. From definition, we realize that creating power for wind doesn't deliver any of these GHG. Before breaking down how productive breeze vitality is in lessening GHG, let us think about some different wellsprings of vitality. These different sources include: hydropower (water), sunlight based (sun), geothermal (heat) and atomic.

Sir Gawain and Feminism Essay Example

Sir Gawain and Feminism Essay Sir Gawain and Feminism Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an energetic Arthurian sentiment about a youthful knight of the round table who assumes the test of a baffling green knight who meanders into Arthurs corridor. The Green Knight requests that Sir Gawain hit him with his own hatchet, and in one years time he will restore the blow. Time passes and Sir Gawain gives it his best shot to delay his looming meeting with the Green Knight. He leaves for his mission, and on Christmas day subsequent to wanting for a trim to hear mass, a shining palace shows up out yonder and the master of the manor invites Gawain inside. Much to his dismay, the inviting master is really the Green Knight. This is the piece of the story with ladies become included, or should I say lady, on the grounds that there is extremely one in particular who assumes an enormous job in the story. There are other people who are referenced, or are incorporated for littler jobs, however there is just a single principle character who additionally happens to be a female; that is my first issue with the content. We will compose a custom paper test on Sir Gawain and Feminism explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Sir Gawain and Feminism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Sir Gawain and Feminism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I m mindful that it was written in a period of dignified love, and when ladies werent took a gander at as supporters of society, however the absence of portrayal, also the absence of good portrayal, is alarming. The story advances and the Lord, whose name we learn is Lord Bertilak hits an arrangement with Gawain, a kind of game, maybe. He will go chasing each day with his men and when he returns, he will exchange whatever he has won that day for whatever it is that Gawain has procured while remaining at the manor. Gawain consents to the game, nd they consent to begin the following day. Their game advances this way: Bertilak heads out to chase and brings back a type of kill every day, while Gawain remains at home, he invests energy with the lovely woman Bertilak. She attempts her best to entice the Knight and every day prevails with regards to picking up kisses from him. The buddies, Bertilak and Gawain trade their rewards in a kinship suggestive of todays manly relationship. That is until the last day when the Lady Bertilak persuades Gawain to let her give him her band. Gawain obviously, is embarrassed about his double-crossing to his companion and hits the hay nhappy. The following day Gawain is to meet the Green Knight to do what needs to be done, so he puts on the entirety of his shield including the green band from Lady Bertilak. At the point when huge, terrible Mr Green Knight attempts to cut off Sir Gawains head he cannot do it. In the long run it is uncovered that Lord Bertilak is really the Green Knight himself and that the whole plan was assembled by Morgan Le Faye, the extraordinary shrewdness sorceress referenced in numerous Arthurian legends. After this, Lord Bertilak and Sir Gawain have a brother second about how much ladies suck, and afterward go on with their lives. This leads me to my subsequent point, all through the whole content the ladies in the story are painted in a negative light. Woman Bertilak spends the entire sonnet endeavoring to lure Sir Gawain, paying little heed to the way that she has a spouse or that Gawain is companions with said husband. This is respected adversely by Gawain, and is represented by the language that discussions about these scenes. However, Gawain is not even once scrutinized as far as it matters for him in the demonstration of kissing Lady Bertilak, a wedded lady and the spouse of his companion. The main egative effect of Gawains job in the cultured sentiment, is his own disgrace, yet none 0T tne otner cnaracters Teel tne need to get down on nlm about nls activities. In tne ena 0T tne story, Sir Gawain and Bertilak mourn about how manipulative and beguiling ladies can be; they proceed to talk about how ladies have been the ruin of numerous an authentic men, for example, Adam, Solomon, and Samson, however Gawain is never censured for his activities, just for his deceitfulness about the scarf. The character of Morgan Le Faye is veiled as an old, monstrous lady all through the recounting the story ntil the end. Morgan is ostensibly a shrewd, yet crafty lady, since she came up the entire plot to test Gawains steadfastness, however these attributes are likewise played in a negative light. Any quality that a ladies has in this content, regardless of whether positive or negative, is discounted as terrible or betrayed them here and there. The men in the story rush to reveal the negative insight into the ladies, and not assume any of the fault for themselves. The content all in all is entirely charming, yet when taken a gander at from women's activists imminent, has a ton of tricky and upsetting substance.

Deferred Applicants Q A

Deferred Applicants Q A Here are some FAQs for deferred students Is it all over for me? Should I still be hanging around reading the blogs? At MIT, a deferral isnt just a polite rejection. Your application will once again be considered by the committee during regular action. You are at no advantage or disadvantage versus the regular action applications. We will admit the best applications we can during regular action, regardless of when the application was submitted. (A little historical data: over the past decade or so, the average number of deferred students later admitted has been several hundred but who knows what it will be this year.) What should I do now? Should I send in extra materials? The only thing we ask that you do is complete the Midyear Report, which will be available on MyMIT in January. On the Midyear Report, you will provide us with your updated grades (your semester grades are very important, so keep working hard!) as well as a text box for any other updates youd like to provide (new awards, changes to your activities, etc.). We will accept updates in other formats, including mail and email, but the Admissions Committee will primarily look to the Midyear Report for your updates. What is the Midyear Report? The Midyear Report (MYR) is an online form that is required for all applicants, including Early Action deferred applicants and Regular Action applicants. The Midyear Report will be available on your MyMIT account in January and should be completed as soon as possible after completion of the fall semester, second quarter, or first trimester. The Midyear Report also includes an opportunity for you to update us on anything important that has occurred since you submitted your application. The Midyear Updates form is a simple text box, similar to an essay response box from the Part 2. The Midyear Update has a maximum of 250 words. Using the Midyear Report for such updates is preferred over mailed updates. Should I send in a whole new version of my application, or all new essays? No. You do not need to improve your application, or redo/edit/modify part or all of your application. You were deferred because your application was already strong enough to make you a contender in the Regular Action round. Let your application stand. What about extra essays, recommendations, etc? You may send along anything that you feel would be helpful to the committee. We do not expect or require any of these things. Simply sending in additional materials does not by itself increase your chances of admission. If you do decide that sending in materials beyond the Midyear Report is appropriate for you all materials sent in before decisions are released will be seen in some fashion by admissions officers. However, those received before early February are most likely to be seen in Admissions Committee. Please include the Supplemental Document Cover Form (from your MyMIT account) with any such documents that you fax or mail to us. What about new test scores? If you are taking additional tests in December or January, you can include MIT as a score recipient and we will consider any new scores. Can I call admissions to find out The Reason why I was deferred? If you call in, we will not be able to tell you the reason why you were deferred, or what needs to be improved, simply because things are much more complex than just one reason why you were deferred. Usually, when I take a call from a deferred applicant, theres nothing that I see to be lacking or needing improvement most of our deferred students submitted very strong applications, the kinds of applications any school (including MIT) would love to have in their student body. Honestly. I hope this is helpful! Best wishes to everyone.

DNA Replication Essay - 275 Words

DNA Replication (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Title:Date:DNA replication consists of biological processes that copies DNA. The process of replication begins at specific sites in the DNA known as the origin of replication. (DePamphilis 2010) explains that the process of DNA replication consists of three stages that are enzymatically catalyzed and coordinated: initiation, elongation and termination."At the initiation stage, an ordered assembly of initiator proteins is done at a specific location known as oriC," (Berg, 2002). This ordered assembly serves the purpose of ensuring that replication occurs only once. DnaA protein, a highly reserved protein in organisms, binds itself to the origin allowing for selective recruitment of proteins and enzymes that will lead to establishment of chromosomes for replication. DnaA protein is a vital tool in initiating replication. After combination with ATP and through assistance from bacterial histone like proteins HU, DnaA unwinds a region on the origin of replic ation, specifically at the oriC and opens up the DNA strand for further replication. DNA replication requires single stranded binding proteins to ensure the strands donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t re-anneal or form secondary structures.(Allison, 2007) explains that replication occurs in a circular pattern resulting to formation of a shape similar to the Greek letter theta. Biochemist John Cairns in 1963 made a notable effort in demonstrating this theta structure. "Replication usually occurs in a bidirectional manner," (Albert, 2002) resulting to synthesis of strands. Later, deoxynucleotides are added to the DNA strand and integrated with DnaB helicase. The process of synthesis then continues as the DNA is being unwound.Termination refers to a situation whereby two different DNA strands come about after fusion of the replicating cells. Termination occurs in the terminus region located opposite to the oriC where there are replication terminator sites. Eukaryotes are solely responsible for initiating DNA replication. However, eukaryotes usually have linear chromosomes, making it difficult for DNA replication ... DNA Replication Essay - 275 Words DNA Replication (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Title:Date:DNA replication consists of biological processes that copies DNA. The process of replication begins at specific sites in the DNA known as the origin of replication. (DePamphilis 2010) explains that the process of DNA replication consists of three stages that are enzymatically catalyzed and coordinated: initiation, elongation and termination."At the initiation stage, an ordered assembly of initiator proteins is done at a specific location known as oriC," (Berg, 2002). This ordered assembly serves the purpose of ensuring that replication occurs only once. DnaA protein, a highly reserved protein in organisms, binds itself to the origin allowing for selective recruitment of proteins and enzymes that will lead to establishment of chromosomes for replication. DnaA protein is a vital tool in initiating replication. After combination with ATP and through assistance from bacterial histone like proteins HU, DnaA unwinds a region on the origin of replic ation, specifically at the oriC and opens up the DNA strand for further replication. DNA replication requires single stranded binding proteins to ensure the strands donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t re-anneal or form secondary structures.(Allison, 2007) explains that replication occurs in a circular pattern resulting to formation of a shape similar to the Greek letter theta. Biochemist John Cairns in 1963 made a notable effort in demonstrating this theta structure. "Replication usually occurs in a bidirectional manner," (Albert, 2002) resulting to synthesis of strands. Later, deoxynucleotides are added to the DNA strand and integrated with DnaB helicase. The process of synthesis then continues as the DNA is being unwound.Termination refers to a situation whereby two different DNA strands come about after fusion of the replicating cells. Termination occurs in the terminus region located opposite to the oriC where there are replication terminator sites. Eukaryotes are solely responsible for initiating DNA replication. However, eukaryotes usually have linear chromosomes, making it difficult for DNA replication ...

The Rhetorical Analysis Of Water Is Life - 1123 Words

For this analysis I used a visual text, â€Å"Water is Life,† The organization of this commercial is known as KGHI, published by hungersavers Via Vimeo on April 16, 2013. This commercial starts out by showing the difference between middle-class kids’ morning and a poor Cambodian girl’s morning which included having breakfast and going to school. This leads us to the filling up of their water bottle; the middle-class boy is in the comforts of his home, receiving clean purified water, while on a split screen there is the little girl walking barefoot to the dirty river with a dirty water bottle, getting murky, brown, even little chunks of dirt in her water. The commercial takes us through scenes of their differences transporting to school. The†¦show more content†¦This could trigger children to want to donate or share the video help other children. The author does not provide the audience with hard evidence and reasonings. The goal for this video was more to feel the emotions, to find the evidence and facts in the video by analyzing what is happening during the advertisement as well as the little girls surroundings. It is not just her there, there are many others who are suffering just like her. This interests you to want to look more into what this organization is, where this is all taking place, what kind of people are in need of help, what percentage of children and elderly die there each year. You start having questions and look for the facts yourself. The authors relevant evidence for this commercial would have to be the people in the video. There is a diverse group of people there that need help, it’s not its not children but the parents of those children, the relatives of those children. The author uses the appeal to ethos to establish trust and convince the audience to take an action and hear them out. For instance, the audiences appeal to ethos was that this video was professionally made so the audience builds a trust with those who produced and made it. The background music has a storyline were both happy, that wayShow MoreRelatedA Rhetorical Analysis on Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a Dream†1051 Words   |  4 Pagesupon for its emotive rhetoric and its illustration of a prospect of brotherhood. This rhetorical analysis will focus on a few major points, such as, the appeals Dr. King uses, which is mostly pathos, to make this speech a persuasive one; the arguments he makes about the unfulfilled American dream of true independence and democracy and the urgency of taking an action against inequality; the stylistic or rhetorical devices brought into play; the relation and affect of the title to the speech. The mostRead MoreAnalyzing The New Techniques I Have Learned As A College Student Writer960 Words   |  4 Pageswas the Language Analysis. 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King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his spee ch adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1230 Words   |  5 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Essay on Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech Professor Hailemarkos Worke ENGL 102 Sefra Belay September 29, 2017 Rhetorical Analysis Essay In Washington DC, on August 28, 1963 was the day that Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. According to Kennedy X.J., et al. in their book, The Brief Bedford Reader, Martin Luther King was an American Baptist minister who became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceRead MoreEssay about Poem Analysis - Miracles by Walt Whitman795 Words   |  4 PagesPoem analysis: â€Å"Miracles† by Walt Whitman 1. The first time I read through â€Å"Miracles,† it felt like the positive energy stored in the poem was jumping onto me. I am more of an optimistic person, so I tend to be positive in everything I do. I feel very blessed when I’m eating dinner with my family, when I’m with friends, when I’m riding a school bus, and when I’m looking at the sky. So, I could relate to this poem very well; it was like the poet read my mind. 2. People may say why make muchRead MoreThe Joy By Zadie Smith Rhetorical Analysis1052 Words   |  5 PagesJoy by Zadie Smith Rhetorical Analysis Many people can confuse joy and pleasure because they are similar or the same thing but author Zadie Smith mentions the differences between joy and pleasure. She explains that sometimes joy can’t be pleasurable at all. She talks about joy as a different type of emotion. Zadie Smith explains to you that pleasure can be more of a temporary feeling that can only satisfy readers at that moment or for a little bit of time. Reading this short story by Smith makesRead MoreOf Mice And Men Rhetorical Analysis1458 Words   |  6 Pages Of Mice and Men Rhetorical Analysis Adrian Blackstone Mrs. Adkins AP Lang Comp 3/5/15 In 1929 the effect of The Great Depression echoed throughout The United States. Forcing many farmers to sell their farms and give up on their pursuit of the widely sought after American Dream. Although in third person Steinbeck centers the novella around the two main characters George, and Lennie. Using strong rhetorical strategies such as diction, imagery, novel structure, and literary devices. Steinbeck

Personality Change And Age Difference - 1435 Words

Barbara Sarfo PSY 437 Advanced Research Method 07/20/2015 Personality Change and Age Difference Does the age difference have something to do with people change in their personality? A. Specific Aim The age an individual feels is related to changes in characteristic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving over time. As people aged, they become more mature and they approach thing differently and that in a way has effects their personality either positively or negatively. The aim of the study was to find out if age difference has anything to do with personality change. B. Introduction Personality takes many shapes and forms and is affected by many factors. My understanding of personality is simply a genetic and environmentally determined set of psychological traits that influence our reactions in the world around us. Genetic because our parents possess a certain set of psychological personality traits that we tend to have in common with them so therefore in my opinion there are heritable personality traits. Personality is environmental because we each have our own separate experiences in the world and these experiences help form our unique personality. Neo-Freudians such as Jung have given us a wide array of ideas of how they believe personality is developed and formatted. Jung in particular has a very interesting take on personality. It is this theory that I can most resonate with and apply to myself and even friends and family of mine. CurrentShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Causes Of Our Generation Of Changelings?1214 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Oxford dic tionary, personality is defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character. Many educators and psychologists have brought up the question, can personality change? Indeed, it can. It can happen in adolescence, adulthood, and over time. The Phi Delta Kappan, a professional magazine for educators, features articles on education, research, policy issues and trends. Flow Conway and Jim Siegelman wrote a column titled, â€Å"WhatRead MoreWhat Drives Adult Personality Development?1542 Words   |  7 PagesHenneck, Huteman, Kandler, Luhmann, Orth, Reitz and Zimmerman’s article (2014) What Drives Adult Personality Development? A Comparison of Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence In terms of adult personality development, the most prominent perspectives utilize genetic and environmental factors into their models. Some examples of these theories consist of the five factor theory of personality and neo-social analytic theory (Specht et al., 2014). McCray and Costa’s five factor theory focusesRead MoreIn Both Sources, Belsky’S 2016 Book, Experiencing The Lifespan,1347 Words   |  6 Pagesal’s 2015 study The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study, the topic of age differences in relation to the sexes is a key topic. The study’s goal is to illuminate the problems with various past studies and to use the cross-sectional design to their advantage. They accomplish this by evaluating twelve to seventeen year-olds of both sexes from all across the world using the NEO Personality Inventory-3. This method produced accurateRead MoreDiversity Paper1117 Words   |  5 Pagesexternal factors that can impact an individuals behavior. These factors have diversity and demographic characteristics; four of these factors will be discussed in this paper and the impact each has on individuals will be shown. Religion, personality traits, age and gender are thought to have the greatest impacts and therefore providing the best opportunity for discussion. Religion Since the beginning of documented history individuals have held strong to their religious beliefs and the rightRead MorePersonality Traits Of A Personality Trait Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages NZ Personality Trait Research Gender differences in personality traits A lot of research has been done regarding gender differences in personality traits; which have given observable differences in previous research done on different levels of traits. This study addresses the gender differences in the levels of neuroticism and agreeableness in New Zealand. Results show that there are significant differences between the levels of neuroticism and agreeableness in malesRead MoreDevelopment Of Personality : Early And Middle Adulthood : Set Like Plaster Or Persistent Change? Essay843 Words   |  4 Pages Development of Personality in Early and Middle Adulthood: Set Like Plaster or Persistent Change? The five personality traits, a person, portray Neuroticism, Extroversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to experience. A person does have a small genetic bias relates to personality. Men and Women do have different genetic makeup that is more prone to gender-based social encounters. For example with two different sexes experience the same incident and the outcome results beingRead MoreDifferences Between Female And Female Brains1632 Words   |  7 Pagesto understand how personality traits change in early and middle adulthood by examining the Big Five personality trait dimensions (Goldberg, 1992; John Srivastava, 1999; McCrae Costa, 1999). It will be particularly interesting examining whether change on all of the Big Five dimensions stops or slows in middle adulthood, as predicted by the five-factor theory, or whether change is ongoing and differentiated, as predicted by contextualist theories. Subtle observable differences exist between maleRead MoreThe Five Personality Traits Definitions813 Words   |  4 PagesThe five personality traits, a person’s, portray Neuroticism, Extroversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to experience. A person does have a small genetic bias relates to personality. Men and Women do have different genetic makeup that is more prone to gender-based social encounters. For example, with two different sexes experience the same incident and the outcome results being different. The unanswered question is Men from Mars and Women from Venus. The Five personality traitsRead MorePersonality Changes From Infancy And Childhood Adulthood1039 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality is conceptualised as the combination of a person’s independent experiences as well as their behaviours and actions relating to those behaviours (Kernberg, 2016). These experiences and actions result in multiple traits and characteristics that modern society uses to define a person’s identity. This essay explores how personality changes from infancy and childhood to adulthood. It will be argued that personality has the ability to be altered due to range of factors relating to increasingRead MorePersonality Is Influenced By The Age 30 Or If It s Mind Is Can Personality Change?1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe question on everybody’s mind is can personality change? Over many decades, researchers have been determining whether the development of personality is set by the age 30 or if it continues to develop over time. The analysis of personal ity, whether it can change and the impacts of previous experiences are all interpreted throughout the text, in order to determine whether personality changes. It will be argued that personality is influenced by experience and events not the measurement of time, thus

Literacy Development - 2585 Words

NAME: Keneisha Blair LECTURE: Ms. Palmer I.D#: SW9011/11 COURSE WORK #: 3 Emergent literacy According to May (1990, p. 59) emergent literacy is the process of learning. It is a product of children’s explorations with concepts and conventions about language with which they are familiar. Two Early Literacy behaviours in young children * Pretend reading * Scribbling Two activities that can be used to enhance and cater for pretend reading Young children imitate what they see adults do in society. On such thing is reading. Children will take up any form of literature and pretend that they are reading. To enhance and cater for this behaviour parents and teachers can: Activity 1 The teacher or parent should ensure†¦show more content†¦This is so because if students have to pause to decode words in each sentence then the reading will not be fluent. According to Balsiger, fluent readers have highly automatic word recognition, and the skills to sound out unfamiliar words; dysfluent readers make frequent mistakes, have poor word recognition, skip words, substitute similar-appearing words, and struggle with unfamiliar words. Reading speed refers to the rate at which pupils read. It should be noted that both children and adults vary their reading speed depending on how difficult the text is and its purpose. But, extremely slow or fast reading is often a characteristic of a dysfluent reader. Finally, prosody is the ability to orally read sentences expressively. This incorporates proper phrasing and intonation. Dowhower (1991, p. 166) stated that prosody is the ability to read in expressive rhythmic and melodic patterns. Kelly to give According to Sheakoski (2012), a strategy that can be used to improve fluency in reading is repeat reading. Students can increase fluency skills using the repeated reading strategy during which they read a short passage repeatedly. It should be noted that fluency is more than just pronouncing words correctly, it also encompasses the process of fully and smoothly conveying what the text is about. The ability to read fluently is a predictor of comprehension. This is mainly because the more fluently one reads the easier it is for him or herShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Knowledge, Literacy, And Literacy1981 Words   |  8 PagesDigitization and literacy Most simply stated literacy is considered as the ability to read and write. However, with the development of knowledge, literacy became more complex, it evolved into a cognitive process which involves critical interpretation of information that are represented through spoken and written words. According to dr. Kirk Panneton, it is an important intellectual, cultural and electronic capability† (1). As the dr. Pannton’s view of literacy involves digital capabilities ofRead MoreLiteracy Skills And Development Of Literacy Training Programs907 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Literacy Many individuals in the United States are struggling with reading, writing, and comprehension. This is not only necessary for daily life in today’s world, but imperative on the healthcare front. â€Å"Health literacy continues to be a major problem despite public and private efforts at all levels to address the issue through testing of literacy skills and development of literacy training programs† (Bastable, 2014, p. 256). â€Å"By focusing on health literacy issues and working togetherRead MoreAdult Literacy and Community Development Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesMy vision in my work with VOC this year is to explore the intersection of adult literacy and community development. Through research, I hope to learn more about the connection between research and practice in writing for adult learners; through working with a community based organization I hope to deepen my knowledge and understanding of the impact and challenges of working in a literacy program and how this translates into overall goals of improving livelihoods and building a stronger communityRead MoreLiteracy Influences Child Development, Social Interaction And Development Of The Brain978 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy influences child development, social interaction and the ability to overcome obstacles a positive aspect. If you are reading this, at some point in time someone, somewhere taught you to read. Literacy in small children can be very beneficial to the growth and development of the brain. â€Å"Decades of research prove that when young children are surrounded by literature-rich environments are spoken to and read to frequently, have the skills needed to start school and are appropriately supportedRead MoreDevelopment Of Quality Literacy Programs For Children And Parents1091 Words   |  5 Pagesin health, child development, and mental health. The main focus is on the development of infants and toddlers. The main goal of this organization is to guarantee that all ba bies and toddlers are given a strong start in life. Promoting an understanding about key issues that affect young children and their families. Key issues include infant mental health, child care, early language and literacy development, early intervention and the impact culture has on early childhood development (About Us, 2016)Read MoreTwo Theories of Literacy Development1395 Words   |  6 PagesIn this task I am going to identify 2 different theories of language development I am going to be doing, Naom Chomsky and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget According to Piaget, language development is related to cognitive development, that is, the development of the child’s thinking determines when the child can learn to speak and what the child can say. For example, before a child can say, â€Å"This teddy is smaller than that one†, she/he must have developed the ability to judge differences in size.Read MoreLanguage and Literacy Development1014 Words   |  5 PagesRUNNGHEAD: LANGUAGE AND LITERACY DEVELOPMENT ESSAY Language and Literacy Development Essay Alma J. Bosket Early Literacy Development (O101) -ECH-425 Dr. Leah Barley July 21, 2013 Language and Literacy Essay The achievement of oral language is a normal development for the performance of most children. The child’s (ren) understanding to communicate will began to increase with ageRead MoreDevelopment Of Literacy For Students902 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of literacy for students in pre-K through 1st grade all need a basic understanding of letter recognition, knowing phonics, and the difference between vowel sounds when they are long and short. Once these skills are established progression will be made with the introduction of diphthongs and blends. Ways that allow students to learn these basics without losing interest with posters and reads alouds is incorporating interactive videos such as LeapFrog where it draws the students inRead MoreReflection On The Literacy Development1791 Words   |  8 Pages Reflections As future educators, it is important that we understand and become consciously aware that phonological awareness is an essential aspect of the emergent literacy development. The comprehension of phonological awareness is critical for learning to read any alphabetic writing system. For this assignment, we chose to implement a word awareness, rhyming, and alliteration activity in our typically developing service learning classes. Also, we incorporated phonics throughout these activitiesRead MoreChildrens Emergent Literacy Development1395 Words   |  6 Pagessignificantly impacts a child’s emergent literacy development. (Senechal, Lefevre, Thomas , Daley, 1996; Sawyer, et al., 2014; Sà ©nà ©chal LeFevre, 2002; Senechal LaFevre, 2014). HLE is defined by the â€Å"frequency of storybook reading and literacy teaching during book reading† (Sawyer, et al., 2014, p. 65). Sà ©nà ©chal LeFevre (2002 2014) conducted a study to prove that a positive and helpful HLE aid s in children’s emergent literacy. The Home Literacy Model used proved the original hypothesis

Essay On Mental Illness In Hamlet - 860 Words

Did you ever notice there are many characters in Hamlet that have mental disorders? Hamlet has a few characters that could possibly be diagnosed with a mental health disorder. At the beginning of the story, Hamlets dad is possibly murdered and Hamlets uncle, Claudius, takes over the king spot. Hamlets fathers ghost arrives in the castle, it causes suspicions with the whole remarrying right after the death. He becomes very confused on how and why his father passed away. Due to the confusion and questions Hamlet wants answered, he could have developed a mental health disorder in the process of trying to figure things out. There are a few mental health disorders that I have found that Hamlet could very possibly be diagnosed with. One is†¦show more content†¦One symptom that Hamlet has is explosive anger. Right off the bat, Hamlet becomes very angry once he finds out that his father had passed away and was replaced by his uncle Claudius. He becomes mad at his mother for remarrying Claudius. Another example of Hamlet having explosive anger is when he talks to the ghost of his father. He decides to make plans to find out who killed his father. The ghost told Hamlet that Claudius poisoned him. The last example of Hamlet being angry is him saying he is going to pretend to go into a madness stage. Throughout the story he is angry but some may not be sure if he is just doing it to get to Claudius. Another symptom of borderline personality disorder that Hamlet shows us is thoughts of mortality. The first time Hamlet shows signs of mortality is in act one. Gertrude and King Claudius ask him to stay put in Denmark. He wanted his flesh to melt away and he disagrees with God that suicide is a sin. The second time Hamlet mentions mortality is when he mentions it in his soliloquy. â€Å"To be or not to be†¦ that is the question†(Act 3 Scene 1 line 64 Shakespeare). Lastly, Hamlet mentions the death of Alexander by saying it is impossible to tell from the rich and the poor after they are in their grave and have turned into dust. Hamlet is saying your existence in life and nothing to do with your existence in death. The last symptom of borderline personality disorder that Hamlet may have is having unstable relationshipsShow MoreRelatedEssay On Mental Illness In Hamlet765 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play, Hamlet, Prince Hamlet endures the tragic loss of his father, the King of Denmark,   and the ultimate betrayal of his uncle, Claudius, who is throned king following his father’s death and marriage to Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. Hamlet begins to show signs of depression and emotional instability from the beginning. As the play progresses, Hamlet becomes more and more mentally unstable until he begins to border insanity. Hamlet’s mental health is a recurring theme in the play and there areRead MoreMental Illness In Hamlet Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, mental illness has always been prevalent. As far as time goes, there have been murders and crimes that could not of been committed by a healthy mind. In the play of Hamlet, the story is based around crimes, lies, and deceiving others. Claudius has murdered King Hamlet, causing a chain reaction of other crimes. After realizing the real fate of his father, Hamlet set out to seek revenge for his father. He wanted to murder Claudius for killing his father, but mistoo k Polonius forRead MoreEssay On Mental Illness In Hamlet1050 Words   |  5 PagesA mental illness is described as the alteration in ones behaviour or actions according to their mental stability. For many people around the world, this so called illness, has taken over a part of their lives. It can be argued that Hamlet was accustomed to such illness throughout the play. While portraying confused mindset and thoughts, becoming increasingly more violent and developing suicidal thoughts, the strongest symptoms of his illness become evident. As a result of Hamlet’s constant desireRead MoreEssay On Hamlet Mental Illness827 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet had a lot of things in his life gone wrong. For an example his father (the king at the time) was murdered by his own brother the new king. At the end of the book his mother and ophelia end up dead to. Hamlet was obsessed with his father being murdered and tried to seek revenge upon his murderer. At the end of the book hamlet ended u p killing polonius because he thought it was Claudius (the new king). He was putting other people in harms way too make claudius too confess. Hamlet has Post TraumaticRead MoreHamlet And Hamlet By William Shakespeare2065 Words   |  9 Pages Every play has its own psychology and every author is a psychologist. Like many other plays, Hamlet is a very complex one. It includes various families and portrays their problems to one another. Some of these families with problems are: Hamlet and Claudius, Ophelia and Hamlet and Laertes and Hamlet. I am mentioning Hamlet in all of them, because Hamlet is the source of all the troubles that those families encounter. The problems the characters encounter can be real and the solutions are not practicalRead MoreDeath of a Salesman vs Hamlet: Tragic Heroes The Essence of Fragile Dreams1151 Words   |  5 PagesEach human mind invents a hero as someone they could not measure up to, no matter how much they hope and dream. In the plays â€Å"Hamle t† by William Shakespeare, and â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller, the main characters, Hamlet and Willy Loman, possess several heroic qualities, but unfortunately their fates rest with tragedy. In William Shakespeare’s famous play, Hamlet, additionally known as the main character, begins with a noble mission to seek revenge on his father’s murderer. A troubled,Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Master Of Tragedy2257 Words   |  10 PagesShakespeare was a master of tragedy. In Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Shakespeare spins a tale of murder, madness, and lies. The character of Prince Hamlet is burdened by the assassination of his father and must avenge the King’s death while protecting his own life. Many have contemplated whether or not Hamlet’s sanity was flawed. Hamlet told the audience that he was not insane, but it is clear that his mourning and melancholia were taking over his world. Hamlet, in a stagnant state of mourning, strugglesRead MoreMadness in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and Hamlet Essay example2151 Words   |  9 PagesThe issue of madness has been touched by many writers. In this paper I will focus on two important writings which deal directly with the mental illnesses. The first one is One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey first published in 1962. The second is Hamlet written by Shakespeare approximately in 1602. Ken Kesey worked nights in a mental institution in California and his novel has a lot of truth in it. He faced patients insanity every day and was confident that it was natural responseRead MoreMacbeth Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth undergoes many psychological tribulations. There is no doubt that he is insane, but the specifics of his conditions help explain the peculiarities of the play. Macbeth’s character was perhaps the culmination of all the psychological disorders known at Shakespeare’s day. He experienced disorders such as split personality, schizophrenia, and post traumatic stress. These disorders could be caused by stress on the battlefield and a poor spousalRead More Hamlet - Shakespeares Ophelia as Modern Icon Essay3388 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet - Shakespeares Ophelia as Modern Icon Shakespeares Ophelia is not lacking in attention. As one of Shakespeares most popular female characters she has enjoyed many appellations from the bard. Fair Ophelia. Most beautified Ophelia. Pretty Ophelia. Sweet Ophelia. Dear Ophelia. Beautiful Ophelia†¦sweet maid†¦poor wretch. Poor Ophelia. (Vest 1) All of these names for Ophelia can be found in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Since Shakespeares incarnation

Zachman Framework Free Essays

THE ZACHMAN FRAMEWORK FOR AND ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ENABLING ENTERPRISE STRATEGY What Data Function List of Processes How Where Network Who People When Time Motivation List of Goals Why List of Things List of Locations List of Organizations List of Cycles Scope Planner ENTITY = Class of Business Entities PROCESS = Class of Business Processes NODE = Class of Business Locations PEOPLE = Class of Business Organizations CYCLE = Class of Business Cycles END = Class of Business Objectives Scope Planner The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture s a comprehensive classification scheme for descriptive representations (models) of an enterprise. First conceptualized nearly two decades ago by John Zachman, it has evolved to become a universal schematic for defining and describing today’s complex enterprise systems and for managing the multiple perspectives of an organization’s information and knowledge infrastructure. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Zachman Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. , Semantic Model e. g. , Business Process Model e. g. , Logistics Network e. g. , Work Flow Model e. g. , Master Schedule e. g. , Business Plan INTERVISTA INSTITUTE EXECUTIVE EDUCATION Business Model (Conceptual) Business Model (Conceptual) ENTITY = Business Entity RELATION = Business Relationship I/O = Business Resources PROCESS = Business Process NODE = Business Location LINK = Business Linkage PEOPLE = Organization Unit WORK = Work Product TIME = Business Event CYCLE = Business Cycle ENDS = Business Objective MEANS = Business Strategy Owner Owner Intervista’s Enterprise Architecture courses provide you with an in-depth understanding of the Zachman Framework and the key success factors for implementation. Over 5000 IT and Management Executives from all sectors have chosen Intervista for their professional development and strategic advancement. To learn more about our Enterprise Strategy, Enterprise Architecture and Knowledge Management Executive Education programs call 1-800-397-9744 or visit us at: www. Intervista-Institute. com e. g. , Logical Data Model e. g. , Application Architecture System Model (Logical) e. g. , Distributed System Architecture e. g. , Human Interface Architecture e. g. , Processing Structure e. . , Business Rule Model System Model (Logical) TIME = System Event CYCLE = Processing Cycle ENDS = Structural Assertion MEANS = Action Assertion Designer ENTITY = Data Entity RELATION = Data Relationship I/O = User Views PROCESS = Application Function NODE = IS Function LINK = Line Characteristics PEOPLE = Role WORK = Deliverable Designer Technology Model (Physical) e. g. , Data Design e. g. , System Design e. g. , Technology Architecture e. g. , Presentation Architectur e e. g. , Control Structure e. g. , Rule Design Technology Model (Physical) Builder ENTITY = Table/Segment/etc. RELATION = Key/Pointer/etc. I/O = Data Elements/Sets PROCESS = Computer Function NODE = Hardware/System Software LINK = Line Specifications PEOPLE = User WORK = Screen/Device Formats TIME = Execute CYCLE = Component Cycle ENDS = Condition MEANS = Action Builder www. zifa. com e. g. , Data Definition e. g. , Program e. g. , Network Architecture e. g. , Security Architecture e. g. , Timing Definition e. g. , Rule Specification Detailed Representations Subcontractor ENTITY = Field RELATION = Address I/O = Control Block PROCESS = Language Statement NODE = Addresses LINK = Protocols PEOPLE = Identity WORK = Job TIME = Interrupt CYCLE = Machine Cycle ENDS = Sub-condition MEANS = Step Detailed Representations Subcontractor www. ZachmanInternational. com Example Example Example Example Data Function Network Organization Example Example Schedule Strategy FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE For the Enterprise Architecture Executive Education schedule call Intervista Institute at 1-800-397-9744. www. Intervista-Institute. com Copyright 2003, Intervista Inc. All rights reserved. Framework by permission John A. Zachman. How to cite Zachman Framework, Essay examples

Inconsistency In Providing Information To The Prospective Client

Question: Discuss about the Regarding Inconsistency In Providing Information To The Prospective Clients. Answer: All agents of the Sigma Global is hereby informed that the the company has traced certain major issues in dealing with the customers and providing them with valuable information. The company has been making this survey for last six months and came to the result that most of our customers are dissatisfied with the information that our agents provide to them. Moreover, the information provided by our agents are invalid and customers suffers loss and damages depending on our information. The information are not up-to-date and does not meet the standard and expectations of our clients. The inconsistency, below-standard information creates dissatisfaction among the clients and therefore the company is suffering a heavy loss. The prospective clients too do not want to take our service as our reviews are very bad and dissatisfactory to the customers who had taken our service before. Therefore, we need to develop a stronger information base which will help our agents to deliver good and valu able informative service to our clients. The company has its agents spread over more than 150 countries of the world. Therefore, if we can provide better service we can achieve a stronger position in the market. Thus with the view to achieve success in providing satisfactory information to our clients the company has changed certain policies for our agents to strictly comply and provide satisfactory service to our prospective customers. The Company has recommended changing certain policies which the agents on various countries working with us should follow. The agents should have to take prior approval for their marketing strategies form the company before implementing them. The developing and promotion of the services of the company through the agents needs prior approval of the company. The company has found in its survey that most of our agents are using unethical means to promote our services, so the company has decided to take action against them and to stop such unethical practices the company is going to implement th e approval system. No agents are allowed to make any decision regarding promotion or advertisement of the services. The company has also surveyed and found that the agents have no information data base with them as well as the information provided by the agents are not valid. The company has made strict rules as to the availability of information. The agents should have available information regarding the institutions in Australia, the courses offered by the institutions, fees structure, availability of hostels and other necessary information which needs to be supplied to our customers. The agents should cross check that information in correct and valid and then provide the available information to its customers. The agents can ask any of the company officials to provide for the available information regarding any institute and the facilities provided by such institute for its students coming from other foreign countries. The agents must be accurate with the accommodation information for the students coming from other foreign countries to study in Australian institutes. The agents must confirm them with accurate financial expenditure they will have to bear to study in the certain institutes of Australia. The agents must also confirm regarding the package for housing and travelling expenses. The information provided by the agent to the students or the prospective customers who are interested to take up a course in any of the institutes of the Australia must be valid and must be accurate. The agents must provide estimated cost for the transportation of the students during their course in Australia. Some of the institutes have their own transportation system which will be a less expensive and a suitable medium for transportation for the student. The agent shall inform the customer about the cost of taking up their service. The agents must not cheat the customers by levying extra charges for the information provided. The Customers should also be informed about the duration of such service. Therefore, concluding herewith the recommendation of the company in changing the policies which the agents strictly need follow and abide by. The agents should follow each and every policies of the company strictly so that the goodwill of the company is maintained in the market and can satisfy the prospective customers by providing valuable and relevant information. Bibliography: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Drucker, P.F., 2017.What Makes an Effective Executive (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Review Press. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015.Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Simonson, I. and Rosen, E., 2014.Absolute value: What really influences customers in the age of (nearly) perfect information. Harper Collins.

Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha Essays - Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha, Roddy Doyle

Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha The novel Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha has no authorial presence at all, yet the reader gains a richer understanding of the situation than Paddy ? or any other 10-year old ? could ever have. With regard to the parent's break up, how does Doyle achieve this? There are many factors which suggest how Doyle has succeeded in creating a 'triangular relationship' between himself the reader and the narrator ? Paddy Clarke ? so that the reader has a greater awareness of the predicament that Paddy is in. Doyle's achievement is how he alternates the poetic and realistic without once lapsing into stream-of-self-consciousness; the only way we - as readers can tell it's written by an adult, is by the spelling. We see the violence in Paddy's life peripherally; Doyle tells us nothing more than what the child sees and comprehends. One of the reasons for Roddy Doyle's success lies in creating a realistic and convincing character for a 10-year old child. He does this by his clever use of language, and also in how he arranges his sentences to convey deep emotion and feeling than any emotive language could: ?He'd hit her. Across the face; smack. I tried to imagine it. It didn't make sense. I'd heard it; he'd hit her. She'd come out of the kitchen, straight up to their bedroom. Across the face.? ? P190 In this instance, Doyle has used short and evident sentences, to invoke a feeling of awe and confusion. The short sentences represent how Paddy is dumbstruck and lost for words, shocked by what he's heard ? this is also highlighted when he says here; ?I tried to imagine it. It didn't make sense.? Here, he also emphatically uses onomatopoeia ? ?smack,? ? which adds to the sense of fearful respect and also Paddy's child-like interpretation of events. Repetition is used here ? ?Across the face? ? heading his oft-repeated amazement. Another example of how Doyle uses repetition can be seen on pages 153 and 154: ?I waited for them to say something different, wanting it - Only now, all I could do was listen and wish. I didn't pray; there were no prayers for this?. But I rocked the same way as I did when I was saying prayers?.I rocked - Stop stop stop stop ? .? Doyle uses repetition to show Paddy's anxiety, when he repeats ?stop'. Here, Paddy is mentally commanding his parents to stop in desperation, as he thought he had done on page 42: ? - Stop. There was a gap. It had worked; I'd forced them to stop.? He believes that he has the power to make his parents stop arguing, as shown on page 42, but realisation dawns when he repeatedly tells them to stop on page 154, and it doesn't work. This reflects on the fact that Paddy Clarke is a child, and his inability to restrain his emotions is a facet of his youth showing through. Another childish aspect throughout the book is how Paddy ? like other children at that age would ? spouts offhand irrelevant knowledge that's he's picked up from class or elsewhere: ?Snails and slugs were gastropods; they had stomach feet?. The real name for soccer was association football. Association football was played with a round ball on a rectangular pitch by two sides of eleven people?... Geronimo was the last of the renegade Apaches I learned this by heart. I liked it.? Readers can relate to this, as we can all remember when we'd learnt something that we'd found particularly fascinating at school or the library, and recited it all the time, thinking we were clever. Another reason why the reader of Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha has a higher understanding than is simply because the adult audience has more experience in family issues ? from our own experiences. We can see the violence in his life superficially; we are told nothing more than what the child sees and comprehends. A good example of this can be found on page 95: ?Ma said something to Da. I didn't hear it?. I looked at ma again. She was still looking at Da. Catherine had one of Ma's fingers in her mouth

Things Fall Apart Analysis Essays

Things Fall Apart Analysis Essays Things Fall Apart Analysis Paper Things Fall Apart Analysis Paper Essay Topic: Things Fall apart Claire Stevenson HUM 211 Prof. C. Agatucci Things Fall Apart Novel Analysis 8 February 2010 Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Francis Abiola Irele. New York: Norton, 2000. A. ) How did things fall apart for Onkonwo and for the Igbo people? (*) Onkonkwo is a respected leader in the Igbo culture. At first he becomes very popular with his wrestling when he defeats Amalinze the Cat. This brings great honor to his village. Unlike his father, his goal is to gain titles for himself, and become a good man. He resents his father and wants to prove himself different. He controlls his wives and children greatly. Because he is looked up upon in their community, he is asked to take care of a young boy named â€Å"Ikemefuna. † (From Mbaino to avoid war). He becomes close to him. (especially Onkonwo’s son Nwoye). As the book goes on, Onkonkwo gets to the point where a lot of things disturb him. He goes against the Week of Peace when he beats one of his wives. Then he shoots a gun at his second wife named Ekwefi. When its time for Ikemefuna to be killed, Onkonkwo was not supposed to participate in the murder- and he did. When Nwoye realizes this, he is very sad and not happy with his father. Not feeling good for what he did, he goes to his best friend Obierika. Obierika basically tells Onkonkwo the earth goddess will seek renenge on him. During the funeral of Ezeudo, Onkonkwo’s gun goes off and kills Ezeudo’s son. This was a crime so Onkonkwo and his family had to move away. His old home is destroyed and burned down by come men in his village. While living in his new village, some missionaries come to talk about Christianity. Onkonkwo didn’t believe in it- and Nwoye did. The family ends up moving back to Umuofia and many things have changed and Onkonkwo doesn’t necessarily approve. Destruction arises due to the Igbo people not liking the extreme Christian convertion, and the problems the missionaries have brought upon the village. The leaders of the village, including Onkonkwo are thrown in jail and soon bailed out by the people of Umuofia. A meeting was held the next day and court messengers come to breat it up. Onkonkwo decapitates the leader of the group. No one tries to catch the messengers as they try to get away. Onkonkwo then is depressed again, and knows they will have to surrender for his actions. He commits suicide by hanging himself. B. ) Analyze at least one other aspect of the novel- character, setting, plot event, use of oral tradition, narrator, etc that you believe is significant to better understanding the novel. Be sure to develop and illustrate your points with specific examples from the novel and be sure to explain why you think this aspect of the novel is significant to notice and examine in helping us better understand and interpret the meaning of the novel. *) The character I am choosing to analyze is Onkonkwo- the protagonist in Things Fall Apart. He is a very powerful character in his novel, being respected by society, controlling his family, a leader of Umuofia, a great yam farmer.. etc. His major problem is he doesn’t want to fail in something and he doesn’t want to show he can’t do something. He does not display affection toward anyone- including his family and friends, even if he is thinking and feeling it. He is not very smart when it comes to certain things- and goes against his people’s traditions and his gods. Ex: He was not supposed to participate in the murder of Ikefemuna and he did because he didn’t want to be a weak man. He also lets his gun go off during the eldest man in the villages funeral and kills the dead mans son. He had to move away due to this action. Furthermore, he beats his wife during the Peace Week, which betrayed his people and gods. He was so strong minded that he was making the wrong decisions at times. Onkonkwo helped me better understand the meaning and significance of the novel because he made me realize how that African society worked. He linked together the people, the gods, and the beliefs of everyone in the book. It was also brought to my knowledge how important gods, and traditions were to African people. I also realized the consequences of certain actions, and how they didn’t beast around the bush at all. Everything was straightforward in their culture. Onkonkwo was a very legitimate example to me in terms of how this African society went about certain actions, traditions and beliefs. He was a character that had many good and bad aspects throughout the novel. I now better understand the ways of African culture and traditions.

20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity 20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity 20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity By Michael So youd like your latest writing project to get moving faster. Great writers have felt the same. Dont worry, its fixable. When the words stop, writers have effective ways of getting them moving again. Plow new ground Write multiple drafts instead of obsessively editing the same one. You can tell the same story, but tell it over again. You will probably feel more encouraged. That part that you never knew how to fix? Maybe your new draft doesnt have it anymore. Commit to a consistent schedule Write daily, not someday. Start today, not tomorrow. Find the best time for you. Resolve that 6:00 a.m or 9:00 p.m. will be your regular time for writing, and thats it. If you dont make time, you may not find time. Use the time you have. After all, you cant use the time you dont have. Though its definitely easier to write when you dont constantly switch tasks, you cant wait for large blocks of time to appear in your schedule. They may not. Instead, take advantage of the minutes between tasks, time that might have been misused. And when you cant write, prepare to write. Set priorities I regret to inform you that you cant do everything. You cant spend three hours a day watching television, four hours playing video games, eight hours at work or school, eight hours sleeping, two hours eating, and one hour writing. That totals 26 hours a day. Youll have to cut something from your schedule. Do you want to write or not? Count words, not minutes. You may feel lighter and freer if you know that you can get up from your chair and play golf as soon as you have written 1,000 words. You may write faster out of sheer anticipation. Count minutes, not words. On the other hand, sometimes the words get hard and so does your chair. If your mind is strained, tired or muddled, maybe you should limit your writing time. But find a goal you can stick to. Im not giving you permission to give up easily. Don’t begin at the beginning The title and first lines are the hardest parts to write. They get easier after youve finished the rest, and having perfected them may not help you write the rest more efficiently. So dont bother writing them first. You can change the title any time before the release thats one reason why movies have working titles. Start in the middle Actually, start writing the part that most inspires you, Start where you want to, where your creative urge is strongest. You can add introductions and conclusions later. Write your favorite part first. Choose an audience You can write most effectively when you know who youre writing for, when you can picture them in your mind. Then you know more clearly what the purpose of your writing is. Change your audience If your writing gets stuck or even boring, try picturing a different reader. Maybe you werent picturing any particular reader at all. No wonder your writing sounded unfocused. Imagine youre writing to your best friend, your best customer, your biggest fan, or to your grandmother. (Write regularly to your grandmother, if you have one.) Take very small steps If youre overwhelmed by the thought of writing the whole piece, tell yourself to only write one sentence then make yourself stop. Science fiction writer Roger Zelazny used to advise authors to write two sentences. Never rewrite until you’re done writing. There is a time for writing and a time for editing, and most writers cant do both at once. Editing as you write will slow down your writing, often to a standstill its a major cause of writers block. Once you get started, ideas will come running fast enough that you wont have time to refine them until after the stampede. When one project bogs down, switch to another. We were built for variety, and the specialization of the Industrial Age has lessened us. You werent meant to always do the same thing. Keep more than one project bubbling at once. When you (temporarily) lose interest in one book, you always have something else to work on. Please only yourself. You can pretend to be interested in a genre because it sells well, but youre competing against other writers who arent pretending. Competition in the publishing world is tough enough. Im not saying to ignore market forces if you enjoy writing in two genres, its fine to pick the more popular one. But if you focus on what you know best, you can write faster and research less. And theres less competition. Your teacher is not looking over your shoulder. Too often, school teaches children to write and teaches them to hate writing. Writing gives us a way to share ourselves, and we should love it. Grammar is not sharing; its only an aid to sharing. Style is worthless if it doesnt help your reader. You have no obligation to sound like anyone but yourself. Keep a notebook When you have a fresh idea, write it down and store it up for the times when you dont. Make notes of interesting expressions youve overheard, describe scenes youd like to write about, record physical details. Dont wait for inspiration. If your Creative Muse doesnt flit into your room and shower inspiration upon you, go out into the hallway and take her by the hand. If you were in your chair writing at your scheduled time of 6:00 a.m. or 9:00 p.m, she would have known where to find you. Look in your notebook there should be some inspiration there. Say what you really mean If you get stuck or tangled in your writing, try this: pretend youre talking to a child and say, What I really mean is. Then say what you really mean. My college speech teacher used a similar technique. When nervous students showed up to give their first speech, she told them, You dont have to give your speech, just tell us what you would have said. Change your medium. If you cant get your writing to move, try telling your story out loud. Leave yourself a voicemail. Send it as an email to someone. Send it as a text. Write it as a series of headlines. Write only the outline. Use a pencil. Use a crayon, as James Thurber did. As his eyesight diminished, he had to write one letter per page. And you think you have problems. Write any way you can. If you feel constricted as a writer and the words dont come, work around your block. Dont force yourself to stay on the main point. Tell your backstory, share your history, give the background, explain the alternatives. Youll get back on track soon enough. How many of these tips have you tried? What other tips have worked for you? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Capitalization Rules for the Names of GamesGrammatical Case in English

Critically discuss the Suitability, Feasibility and Acceptability of Assignment

Critically discuss the Suitability, Feasibility and Acceptability of the International Strategy of an Organisation - Assignment Example This in turn has resulted in increasing internationalisation of the businesses. More and more multinational organisations are operating in different countries because of the increasing globalisation. There are different reasons and motives behind the decision of internalisation. According to Johnson and Turner (2003), the reasons and motives of the organisations behind pursuing internationalisation strategy can be divided into following broad categories: 1. Resource Seeking 2. Market Seeking 3. Efficiency Seeking 4. Strategic Asset Seeking Apart from this different approaches to enter into international market are being used by the organisations. Different market entry modes available to the organisations are presented in the figure below: (Adapted from Johnson and Turner, 2003) According to Wrigley (2000), Coe (2003), and Sanghavi (2000), the international expansion by the retail organisations started relatively later as compared to that of the manufacturing organisations but there have been considerable growth and development in the international expansion by the retail organisations in the last fifteen years. It is relatively difficult for the retail organisations to pursue the strategy of international expansion. The retail organisations do not have a single product which they can export to different markets. These retail organisations offer different products which are supplied by different manufacturers and along with this provide the shoppers with a complete experience. Hence it can be said that the business of retailing also has intangible service element. Along with this the products provided by the retail organisations have different consumer preferences and tastes in different regions. For this reason, it is not easy for the retail organisations to expand in different geographical markets and regions. The retail organisations are provided with two different strategic options in order to expand their business operations internationally i.e. global and multinational strategies. The retail organisations which implement the global strategy follow the same format and strategies all over the world. On the other hand the retail organisations which implement the multinational strategy adapt and change the practices according to local preferences. (Alexander and Myers, 2000) In this report an attempt has been made in order to analyse and discuss the suitability, feasibility, and acceptability of the internationalisation strategy of United Kingdom largest retail organisation, Tesco. COMPANY BACKGROUND: Tesco is the one of the biggest and largest retail organisation in United Kingdom. The company is not only operating in the retail industry but has also expanded in several other industries and markets. Apart from this the company is known for its rapid and successful international expansion in different regions (Palmer, 2005). The company has been successfully operating in 13 different countries of the world. Tesco is a successful multina tional retail organisation and is the third largest retail organisation in the whole world on the basis of revenues. The company is still looking to further expand its international operations (Wood, 2011) INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY OF TESCO: The management of Tesco is making all possible efforts in order to make sure to achieve the strategic of ongoing expansion in the international market. Currently, the retail organization is operating in 13 different countries all over the globe including Europe, North America, and Asia.

Discussion Board 10 - Chapter 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 10 - Chapter 13 - Essay Example I am able to resolve these conflicts because I use my leadership abilities in order to make them listen to each other and meet halfway whenever possible. I let them know that I respect everyones opinion and that I am empathic to their reasons. However, as I listen to their arguments, I make sure to take note relating to what I think will work for us and what will not. At the end of the bickering, I let them know that they actually have some common ground to work on that is sure to benefit the group and result in the outcome that we all expect to have for our project. Normally, after I ask them to reconcile their expectations based upon their common ground, the group members manage to see each others point of view quite differently from when they were talking at each other rather talking to each other. This results in a more cohesive group that can work together towards the completion of a common

The Strategy Used By Munchys Make The Company Marketing Essay

The Strategy Used By Munchys Make The Company Marketing Essay Strategic management is the process which refers to strategy formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross functional decisions to enable an organization to achieve its objectives. A strategy is about long-term planning and it must be implemented and the organization resources as well as its capabilities properly harnessed so as to achieve the planned outcome. Strategic management focuses on integrating management, marketing, finance or accounting, production or operation, research and development, and computer information system to achieve organization success. 2.0 Munchys Background Munchys is known as Malaysias No.1 homegrown biscuit brand which is a remarkable Malaysian success story of five brothers from Muar, Johor. Besides that, Munchy was a company which gains Super brands Status of year 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009. Actually the name Munchys was derived from the Mandarin term Mai Qi which Mai is the meaning of flour or wheat and Qi is refers to the magical quality found in the delicious wafers that are made from only the finest ingredients. In the beginning, this business is started by two elder brothers from Tan family who asked their father to allow them to start their own company. With his agreement, their business started out as a cottage operation in Johor back in 1991 with producing wafers, wafer sticks and biscuits with an Austrian-made second-hand wafer stick machine costing RM80, 000. With their high spirits they try their best to produce the highest quality wafer sticks around and they make it as Malaysias No.1 homegrown biscuit brand. From an Original Equipment Manufacturer to a household name, the Munchys brand was born in 1993. In year 2006, Munchy was recorded in Malaysia Book of Records as Largest Wafer Manufacturer in 2005. During 1997 till 1998, Munchy almost went bankrupt during the Asian financial crisis but luckily the company was survived from the Asian financial crisis and its revenue jumped from RM20mil in 1998 to RM50mil in 1999. According to a Nielsen Retail Index Corporate Value Share report in 2008, Munchys was ranked Malaysias No.1 homegrown biscuit brand excluding Sabah and Sarawak from June 2006 to 2008. Besides that, Munchys is keep looking forward at new potential products and innovations as it works towards keeping up its standing in Malaysia as the countrys most innovative and success biscuit brand. They have an entire RD department that specifically focuses on this aspect, so as to always stay at the forefront of innovation. Munchys major markets are in Asia, such as Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan and Japan being its key markets, their vision is to be significant in 100 countries by 2020. On the other hand, Munchys mission is to bring joy and add flavor to every occasion with their high quality, affordable and fun-eating snacks. The companys CEO, C.K Tan always believed in the power of branding and automation and technology will gain benefits in a business. He spent RM500, 000 on IT systems for Munchys in 1997 and now a day he still investing on it because he believe that computerization will makes the productivity of company more efficient. 3.0 PEST in Strategic Analysis The PEST analysis is an analysis which concerned with the environmental influences on a business. It is a business measurement tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. PEST analysis is also an acronym stand for Political, Economic, Social and Technological issues that could affect the strategic development of a business to assess the market. 3.0.1 Political Munchys have always recognized the important of manufacturing only Halal product since the government of Malaysia focusing on turning the nation into an international Halal Hub. That is a reason why Munchys have a dedicated committee that deals with all things Halal. The Committee is made up of representatives from each key section that contributes to the making of the products. Munchys is setting its sights on a greater share of the regional pie while the tariff and trade barriers are trimmed with the formation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). In fact of this, Munchy have been opened a new branch offices in ASEAN neighbors. 3.0.2 Economic Nowadays, Munchys sales in ASEAN have seen a clear uptrend because of the proactive approach of Munchys done in sales and distribution, For instance, Mr. Tan reveals that sales in Singapore have grown by more than 50% since 2003, making the island Munchys third largest export market. Besides that, The Company has experienced double-digit growth not only within Malaysia but also in Japan, Singapore and other Asian countries. Still, Munchys export growth has been broad-based and their exports have been grown by close to 60% within this year. The local market is also growing, as Malaysias population expands. 3.0.3 Social Nowadays, health as a prime concern is now increasingly by many consumers, accordingly, Munchys have been reformulating their range to feature less sugar, less salt, lower fat and high nutrient content. Munchys believes that it must be a balance achieved between good taste and health. The CEO of the company Mr. Tan frequently used Teamwork as the key word to describe how the company has evolved and transformed. In order to work for teamwork, the staff from all levels must believe and have confidence with the brand of the company and be able to deliver the brand promise effectively to consumers. Munchys has various CSR (corporate social responsibility) programmes in place which mainly aid to orphanages and hospices for children. Munchy Food also aims to produce more quality products on par with international brands but reflecting a typical Malaysian identity by carrying the spirit of Malaysia Boleh. 3.0.4 Technology Munchys tried to keeping up its standing in Malaysia as the countrys most innovative and success biscuit brand, in fact Munchys keep looking forward at new potential products and innovations as it works towards. They have an entire RD department that specifically focuses on new potential products and innovations to ensure the company always stay at the forefront of innovation. They believes that with the technologies and know-how todays, they could probably walk three steps ahead compared to the old days when they could only do things step by step. Actually, Mr. Tan has been started its regional expansion plans where Munchys has sales and marketing teams in Singapore and Indonesia, while establishing teams in a number of other Asian countries. Munchys always believed in the power of branding and automation and technology will gain benefits in a business. He spent RM500, 000 on IT systems for Munchys in 1997 and now a day he still investing on it because he believe that computerizatio n will makes the productivity of company more efficient. 3.1 SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It is an acronym used to describe the particular Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that are strategic factors for a specific company. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. 3.1.1 Strength Munchys always emphasizes the delicious wafers that are made from only the finest ingredients. They believe that the only way to produce the highest quality wafer sticks is using the finest ingredients. Besides owning state-of-the-art machines, have a good and committed management team with a strong multinational background assist Munchys investment in talent and that is a factor that sets Munchys apart from the rest of the competition. Another area of strength is their focus on brand-building, Mr. Tan engaged an international branding consultant to establish Munchys as a distinct brand in 2004. Although Mr. Tan believes in continuous product development and he knows that everything starts from the product so he put a lot of innovative ideas into designing the products from the packaging to brand image, the sharp and weight of the products, basically from all aspects. Until now, Munchys company still keeps thinking on how to make the existing products better in innovative. 3.1.2 Weaknesses Although Munchys company always thinking about how to make their product become more innovative, but what they done is just put effort on the wrapping of their product but not in the flavor and the varieties of the product. Munchys should put effort on the variety of their product. For example like Nestle Company, their production such as Milo drinks, ice cream, Chocolate and so on. The varieties of their products on the market strengthen the value of their product in the market. 3.1.3 Opportunities In laying the groundwork for their Asian expansion, Tan started to transform the company three years ago. This included bringing in an impressive senior management team with a strong MNC (Multinational Corporation) background. The idea is to eventually allow Malaysia to run without him as CEO so that he can focus on its regional plans. With the need to bring in new skill sets, Munchys structured a supervising board which is filled by some of the brothers and also some very experienced former chief executives to help guide the company forward. To produce better products, Munchys claims that it is the market leader in the wafer category and the top three in the biscuits market share ranking. Invests substantially in RD, adding that research is an important aspect of branding and it is imperative to work closely with consumers to understand their wants and needs. 3.1.4 Threats Munchys intention to re-brand or remodel Munchys into an international brand which aimed at establishing home-grown Munchys as a global brand in line with its new business directives of aggressively expanding into foreign markets. Besides that they also plan to increase their export sales by 25% to RM50mil in year 2010 and the company is heading towards a new business direction for further market expansion. Munchy Food maintains its competitiveness through endless upgrading of its operations, marketing, sales and distribution, research and development, and most importantly, capital-intensive investments. Most of these heavy investments derive from world-class machinery and automation, computerization, and ERP engagement for its management. 3.2 Benchmarking analysis Benchmarking analysis is an analysis contributes lessons are learned. This analysis is a process of continual improvement which helps a company who is still growing to identify their trouble spots and provides a systematic approach to improving production efficiency and profitability. Nestle is the worlds largest food and beverage company which leading in Nutrition, Health and Wellness and they employs over a quarter of a million workers. Compare with Munchys, Nestle strategy is based on a broad range which the company overcome cultural barriers and customer resentments to foreign brands by purchases local brand names which the consumer is accustomed to. After these niches of basic food supply are filled Nestle moves on into the more upscale segments such as chocolate, soft drinks and the like. Their strategy is to establish a basis and then expand into more niches as demand rises. Connected to the rising demand is the rising income level as the population can afford to spend more money on food products. As mentioned in the book, Nestle provides about 8500 brand names, but only 750 of them are registered in more than one country and only 80 are registered in more than ten countries. Many household names such as Nescafe, KitKat and Nesquik were Nestle produces and some other brands are also well known by consumers just they might not have realized that they were Nestle products. In 2002 Nestle had a sales turnover of over  £38.3 billion on which it made a net profit of over  £3.2 billion. The majority of this profit was re-invested in the business whilst the remainder was paid out to shareholders in dividends. Munchys put more effort in RD on their wrapping and brand-building. They have spending close to RM4 million on branding and ads every year and this budget is increasing. Besides that, the company also invested RM10 million to buy packaging machines from Japan. Munchys always thinking about how to make their product become more innovative, but what they done is just put effort on the wrapping of their product but not in the flavor and the varieties of the product. Munchys should have a broad range to improve their performance in production efficiency and profitability. 4.0 Strategy Formulation Strategy formulation is the second phase in the strategic management process which produces a clear set of recommendations and supporting justification that revises as necessary the mission and objectives of the organization, and supplies the strategies for accomplishing them. Strategy formulation is the process of planning strategies such as corporate strategies and business strategies. Sometimes it is useful to think of corporate-level strategies as where to compete and the business-level strategies as how to compete in those areas.Strategy formulation includes the planning and decision making that lead to the establishment of the firms goal and the development of a specific strategic plan by assessing the external environment and internal problem and integrate the result into goals and strategy. 4.1 Corporate Strategic A corporate strategy depicts the corporate cultures perception of progress and growth. Besides that, this strategy is comprises a directional strategy through a corporate vision and a mission statement. One of the most important roles of this strategy is to define a companys domain of activity through selection of business areas in which the companys domain of activity through selection of business areas in which the company will compete. Portfolio analysis is an analysis which combines internal and external factors and could be dealt with in the discussion of strategy in a company. Besides that, portfolio analysis is an enterprise strategy development tool based primarily on the market share of business and the growth of market in which company business exists. Munchys boasts a great range of portfolio that includes biscuits, wafers and wafer sticks. In order to achieve the best product quality, Munchys has invested in fully-integrated conveyer system to state-of-the-art warehouses for its commitment to have facilities of the highest quality. This includes two wafer plants with the capacity to manufacture up to 740 tonnes per month, four biscuit plants which can produce up to 3,400 tonnes per month, and four wafer-stick machines with 16 production lines that have the capacity to produce up to 250 tonnes per month. These manufacture enable Munchys maximize their production and now reach the capacity of 5,000 tonnes up wards per month. Few years ago, Munchys have the launch their new product, new Munchys Mini crackers and it affect the company in expecting export sales from RM90mil to RM100mil and a total revenue of over RM300mil, against RM250mil. In fact of this, Munchys had invested about RM75mil in new equipment in two years before launching this product and it resulted in the production of the new Munchys Mini crackers. 4.2 Business Strategic Business-level strategy formulation pertains to domain direction and navigation, or how business should compete in the areas they have selected. Low-cost provider strategy is using by a company which securing a competitive advantage by serving a lower price than rival competitors. This is a strategy is an integrated of actions taken to produce goods or services with features that are acceptable by customers at the lowest cost compare to the competitors which just with features that are acceptable to customers. This strategy maintain present price, be content with present market share, and use lower-cost edge to earn a higher profit margin on each unit sold, thereby increasing total profits. Munchys mission is to bring joy and add flavor to every occasion with their high quality, affordable fun-eating snacks. Munchys make an achievement in low overall cost which by manufacturing nutritional biscuits in convenient packets as well as coated and cube wafers at lower prices than rivals. The products that Munchys produce are currently include approximately of the consumers across all segments like kids, teenagers, and adults. So t hat Munchys product is offering the buyers consider essential with their various types of product. Differentiation Strategy is an Action which set an acceptable cost that let customers perceives the different on the produce goods or services. The objective of this strategy is to affect buyers to prefer Munchys product or service over brand of rivals. On the other way, it means that a company has to take an initiative action such as creative idea on what is important to customer. With the constant line-up of new products and product innovation constantly introduced to the market, Munchys has become synonymous with innovation. Most recently Munchys was launched in response to the current trend and desire for healthy snacks. This kind of healthy snack filled with healthy and scrumptious fruit, oats, and more, the Oat Krunch makes a delectable, healthy biscuit that one will reach out for anytime of the day. In the second quarter of 2009, Munchys launched the irresistible Captain Munch which aimed their targeted at teenagers and kids. This product is enriched with Energy Plus that cont ains Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12. This makes Captain Munch a source of vitamin and nutrition, as well as the perfect nutritious health snack solution for smart and active kids and teens. These recent additions products, Oat Krunch and Captain Munch have been reinforce Munchys commitment to providing more great-tasting snacks that help consumers strike a healthy balance in their daily lives. With their product which differentiating in features cause their rivals not easily to copy or matched. So, it may cause the buyers to prefer Munchys product or service over brand than rivals. Best-cost provider strategy is a combination of a strategic which emphasis on low-cost strategy and differentiation strategy. In this strategy, company must make an upscale product at a lower cost to prove the customer that its benefit for the value. It works on deliver comparable features at a lower price than rivals or matches rivals on prices and provides better features. Munchys brand mission is to produce all kinds of fun-eating snacks for every home all over the world. Presently, its strength lies in its high quality and diverse product range which Coupled with marketing strategies like manufacturing nutritional biscuits in convenient packets as well as coated and cube wafers at lower prices than competitors. Munchys Food also aims to produce more quality products on par with international brands but reflecting a typical Malaysian identity. Besides selling products at lower prices, Munchys always ensure that its products always in good quality, Munchys Quality Assurance and Qua lity Control Department ensures that all production procedures that are in place are constantly adhered to. According to the international standards set by the many regulatory boards from which Munchys has received official certification. With their good-to-excellent performance at a lower cost than rivals, they may affect consumers who are sensitive to price and value. 5.0 Strategy implementation Strategy implementation is the most important and most difficult part of the strategic management process which requires the organizations employees and managers at all levels to turn strategies into action. Actually, strategy formulation is described what a company going to do but strategy implementation is doing it. A successful strategy implementation requires support, discipline, motivation, and hard work from all managers and employees. In the aspect of management issues, Munchys has its own policies to operate on Munchys daily operation. Munchys prefer to focus on company and product development which boast a great range on produce its products with world class quality and build a long term brand. To produce the high quality product, Munchys has invested in full-integrated conveyer system to state-of-the-art warehouse which have two wafer plants, four biscuit plants and four wafer-stick machines with 16 production lines. With these systems, Munchys can have maximum production c apacity of 5000 tonnes upwards per month. To keeping up its standing in Malaysia most innovative biscuit brand, Munchys always looking at potential new products and innovations. Although Munchys has already a strong presence in Malaysia, it still continues to raise the bar by constantly strengthening their product appeal and market network in Asia and around the world. Besides that, Munchys believes in strong and effective in brand building, and achieves this through its strategic consumer-led promotions. To achieve this, Munchys is regularly brand-building through their numerous innovations and new products. One of the Munchys key on drivers in brand building is its active in sponsorship role. Munchys is a big player and firm believer in sponsorship and now being the proud sponsor of major concerts organized by top concert and event organizers, television and radio stations. Before this, Munchys has sponsored the Miss Chinese Cosmos Southeast Asia Pageant with created its very own title Miss Munchys Fun Fit. The title is in line with the launch of its new health range of product, Oat Krunch. Nowadays, sponsorships help Munchys increased in its mileage and the brand image is easily recognizable as one that offers high quality products. To ensure consumer can taste its keep supporting Munchys high quality products, Munchys Quality Assurance and Quality Control Department played an important role. This department ensures that all the production procedures that are in place are constantly adhered to the international standards set by the many regulatory boards from which Munchys has received official. The department is function in three categories which is in-process quality control, incoming control and laboratories. In-Process Quality Control is used on monitoring the product quality parameters at various processing stages from raw material until finished goods. Incoming Control is to monitoring of raw material and packaging at the entry level. The third category is the Laboratories and this category is divided to 2 part which is Microbiology Laboratory that responsibility on analyze and minimize microbiology contamination of products, processing lines, operators and general environment, thus ensuring the products a re free from harmful bacteria contamination. General Laboratory is responsibility to ensure that all the products meet legislative requirements, and are up to its consumers expectations. Munchys today boasts state-of-the-art manufacturing and warehousing facilities which cover more than 400,000 square feet in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Besides that, Munchys products can be found in approximately 60 countries around the world. In fact of this, MunchWorld Marketing Sdn Bhd which set up in 1996 was played an important role as the marketing arm of all Munchys products. Munchys vantage point was its in-depth know-how into the successful marketing of fast-moving consumer goods or FMCGs, both locally and internationally. Munchys marketing prowess was proven through its own well-known, established and popular products among consumers. Besides that, MunchWorld was able to impart invaluable insights into product development, having grown Munchys from scratch with our endless pool of resources and knowledge. This made us feel it was time to share our skills and expertise with other reputable brands that understood the potential and value of good marketeering. To strengthening their product appeal and market from rivals, Munchys products always attract consumers across all segments such as kids, teenagers, adults. For example, Munchys launched the irresistible Captain Munch which aimed their targeted at teenagers and kids. This product is enriched with source of vitamin and nutrition as well as the perfect nutritious health snack solution for smart and active kids and teens. These products have been reinforce Munchys commitment to providing more great-tasting snacks that help consumers strike a healthy balance in their daily lives. 6.0 Conclusion The strategy used by Munchys make the company become stronger and stronger. The product their product are aimed on the teenagers and kids which enrich with health sources, and halal which mean the products are available to Islamic. Their RD which specifically focuses on new potential products and innovations will ensure the company always stays at the forefront of innovation. Every new products come out from Munchys are always supported by their chocolate lover. The main reason why the customers always supporting their product is Munchys always emphasize on using the high quality ingredient to process the high quality product. The effort on using the high quality ingredient on process the high quality product ensures Munchys become successful. Referencing: http://www.munchys.com/MY/html/history.aspx http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/strategy_formulation.html http://www.munchys.com/MY/main.aspx http://www.batupahat.org/?p=942 http://www.nestle.com/AllAbout/AllAboutNestle.htm Author by CATHY A.ENZ, Hospitality Strategic Management (concept and cases), second edition, page 18. Author by Richard L. Daft, Patricia Lane, Management, page 191.